For further reading about old criminals…

Asbury, Herbert. 2008. The gangs of New York: an informal history of the underworld. New York: Vintage Books.

Bidwell, Austin. 1895. From Wall Street to Newgate via the primrose way. Hartford, Conn: Bidwell Pub. Co.

Burke, Sophie Van Elkan Lyons. 1913. The amazing adventures of Sophie Lyons, queen of the burglars, or, Why crime does not pay. New York: J.S. Ogilvie Publishing Co.

Byrnes, Thomas. 1886. Professional criminals of America.  New York: Cassell & Co., Ltd.

Byrnes, Thomas. 1895. Professional criminals of America. New York: G.W. Dillingham.

Campbell, Helen, Thomas Wallace Knox, Thomas Byrnes, and Elford Eveleigh Treffry. 1891. Darkness and daylight, or, Lights and shadows of New York life: a woman’s narrative of mission and rescue work in tough places, with personal experiences among the poor in regions of poverty and vice, an all-night missionary’s experiences in gospel work in the slums, a journalist’s account of little-known phases of metropolitan life, and a detective’s experiences and observations among the dangerous and criminal classes.

Conway, J. North. 2012. Bag of bones: the sensational grave robbery of the merchant prince of Manhattan. Guilford, Conn: Lyons Press.

Conway, J. North. 2011. The big policeman: the rise and fall of America’s first, most ruthless, and greatest detective. Guilford, Conn: Lyons Press.

Conway, J. North. 2009. King of heists: the sensational bank robbery of 1878 that shocked America. Guilford, Conn: Lyons Press.

Conway, J. North. 2014. Queen of thieves: the true story of “Marm” Mandelbaum and her gangs of New York.

Drummond, Andrew Lewis. 1909. True detective stories. Chicago: M.A. Donohue.

Eldridge, Benjamin P., and William B. Watts. 1897. Our rival, the rascal: a faithful portrayal of the conflict between the criminals of this age and the defenders of society, the police. Boston, Mass: Pemberton Pub. Co.

Farley, Phil. 1876. Criminals of America: or, tales of the lives of thieves. Enabling every one to be his own detective. With portraits, making a complete rogues’ gallery. New York: Author’s edition.

Folsom, De Francias. 1888. Our police: a history of the Baltimore force from the first watchman to the latest appointee. Baltimore, Md: Printed by J.D. Ehlers.

Gilfoyle, Timothy J. 2007. A pickpocket’s tale the underworld of nineteenth-century New York. New York, N.Y.: W.W. Norton & Company.

Grannan, Joseph C. 1890. Grannan’s pocket gallery of noted criminals of the present day, containing portraits of noted and dangerous criminals. Cincinnati, O.: Grannan Detective Bureau Co.

Lane, Dick. 1904. Confessions of a criminal true stories of Dick Lane told by himself; daring bank robberies described, old police mysteries solved, exciting burglaries from the burglar’s standpoint, escapes from prison by the man who escaped, the pickpockets’ school of crime, by a pickpocket and many others. Chicago, Ill: Prairie State Pub. Co.

Macintyre, Ben. 1997. The Napoleon of crime: the life and times of Adam Worth, the real Moriarty. London: HarperCollins.

Moore, Langdon W. 1893. Langdon W. Moore: his own story of his eventful life. Boston: L.W. Moore.

Pinkerton, Allan. 1881. Professional thieves and the detective: Containing numerous detective sketches collected from private records. With a sketch of the author how he became a detective, etc. With a new introd. by Vern L. Folley. New York: Carleton.

Pinkerton, Allan. 1884. Thirty years a detective; a thorough and comprehensive exposé of criminal practices of all grades and classes. New York: Dillingham.

Pinkerton, William A., and Robert A. Pinkerton. 1903. The greatest criminal of the past century. Stole millions, imprisoned but once. Adam Worth, alias “Little Adam”. Theft and recovery of Gainsborough’s “Duchess of Devonshire”.

Schoenbein, Maximilian. 2018. King of burglars: the heist stories of Max Shinburn. Warwick, NY: Wickham House.

Walling, George W. 1887. Recollections of a New York chief of police: an official record of thirty-eight years as patrolman, detective, captain, inspector, and chief of the New York police. New York: Caxton Book Concern.

White, George M. 1907. From Boniface to bank burglar, or, the price of persecution: how a successful business man, through the miscarriage of justice, became a notorious bank looter. New York: Seaboard Pub. Co.

Wooldridge, Clifton R. 1908. Twenty years a detective in the wickedest city in the world: 20,000 arrests made, 12,900 convictions on state and city laws, 200 penitentiary convictions. The devil and the grafter and how they work together to deceive, swindle and destroy mankind. [Chicago, Ill.]: [Chicago Publishing Co.].